People can learn to sense with 'rat's whiskers' on fingers; May improve aids for the blind

ScienceDaily (Nov. 5, 2012) ? Rats use a sense that humans don't: whisking. They move their facial whiskers back and forth about eight times a second to locate objects in their environment. Could humans acquire this sense? And if they can, what could understanding the process of adapting to new sensory input tell us about how humans normally sense? At the Weizmann Institute, researchers explored these questions by attaching plastic "whiskers" to the fingers of blindfolded volunteers and asking them to carry out a location task.

The findings, which recently appeared in the Journal of Neuroscience, have yielded new insight into the process of sensing, and they may point to new avenues in developing aids for the blind.

The scientific team, including Drs. Avraham Saig and Goren Gordon, and Eldad Assa in the group of Prof. Ehud Ahissar and Dr. Amos Arieli, all of the Neurobiology Department attached a "whisker" -- a 30 cm-long elastic "hair" with position and force sensors on its base -- to the index finger of each hand of a blindfolded subject. Then two poles were placed at arm's distance on either side and slightly to the front of the seated subject, with one a bit farther back than the other. Using just their whiskers, the subjects were challenged to figure out which pole -- left or right -- was the back one. As the experiment continued, the displacement between front and back poles was reduced, up to the point when the subject could no longer distinguish front from back.

On the first day of the experiment, subjects picked up the new sense so well that they could correctly identify a pole that was set back by only eight cm. An analysis of the data revealed that the subjects did this by figuring the spatial information from the sensory timing. That is, moving their bewhiskered hands together, they could determine which pole was the back one because the whisker on that hand made contact earlier.

When they repeated the testing the next day, the researchers discovered that the subjects had improved their whisking skills significantly: The average sensory threshold went down to just three cm, with some being able to sense a displacement of just one cm. Interestingly, the ability of the subjects to sense time differences had not changed over the two days. Rather, they had improved in the motor aspects of their whisking strategies: Slowing down their hand motions -- in effect lengthening the delay time -- enabled them to sense a smaller spatial difference.

Saig: "We know that our senses are linked to muscles, for example ocular and hand muscles. In order to sense the texture of cloth, for example, we move our fingers across it, and to seeing stationary object, our eyes must be in constant motion. In this research, we see that changing our physical movements alone -- without any corresponding change in the sensitivity of our senses -- can be sufficient to sharpen our perception."

Based on the experiments, the scientists created a statistical model to describe how the subjects updated their "world view" as they acquired new sensory information -- up to the point at which they were confident enough to rely on that sense. The model, based on principles of information processing, could explain the number of whisking movements needed to arrive at the correct answer, as well as the pattern of scanning the subjects employed -- a gradual change from long to short movements. With this strategy, the flow of information remains constant. "The experiment was conducted in a controlled manner, which allowed us direct access to all the relevant variables: hand motion, hand-pole contact and the reports of the subjects themselves," says Gordon. "Not only was there a good fit between the theory and the experimental data, we obtained some useful quantitative information on the process of active sensing."

"Both sight and touch are based on arrays of receptors that scan the outside world in an active manner," says Ahissar, "Our findings reveal some new principles of active sensing, and show us that activating a new artificial sense in a 'natural' way can be very efficient." Arieli adds: "Our vision for the future is to help blind people 'see' with their fingers. Small devices that translate video to mechanical stimulation, based on principles of active sensing that are common to vision and touch, could provide an intuitive, easily used sensory aid."

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Weizmann Institute of Science.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. A. Saig, G. Gordon, E. Assa, A. Arieli, E. Ahissar. Motor-Sensory Confluence in Tactile Perception. Journal of Neuroscience, 2012; 32 (40): 14022 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2432-12.2012

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_environment/~3/h0goWzvJxkM/121105100930.htm

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David Haugh: Urlacher joins parade of Bears defenders scoring TDs

NASHVILLE, Tenn. - Setting his clock back six years Sunday at LP Field, Bears linebacker Brian Urlacher stayed stride for stride with Titans running back Chris Johnson covering a deep pass route down the sideline.

Johnson, who once clocked 4.24 seconds in the 40-yard dash, boasts some of the fastest feet in the NFL. Urlacher, 13 seasons removed from the days when he played defensive back in college, possesses a balky left knee that has been the source of international intrigue and considerable doubt.

Using the sideline as his friend, Urlacher kept up with his fleet-footed enemy well enough that he was in perfect position to break up Titans quarterback Matt Hasselbeck's lofted pass.

Urlacher returned an interception 46 yards for a touchdown, forced one fumble and recovered another in a game he acknowledged was his best of the season. But Urlacher's most significant display of athleticism came when the 34-year-old isolated on the league's speediest running back and won the battle.

When Urlacher makes plays like the Urlacher we recognize, the Bears look like a defense with no weaknesses and a team with few peers.

The only time Urlacher looked quicker in a 51-20 victory was when he raced over to congratulate emerging NFL defensive player of the year candidate Charles Tillman after Tillman's fourth forced fumble. Together they celebrated a day of fun and ferocity when the Bears defense that created five turnovers turned Music City into Gnashville.

Surely it's just a coincidence that the Bears reached midseason in a city halfway to New Orleans, site of Super Bowl XLVII. But if the Bears offense uses this as a springboard, Sunday's game might represent more than a metaphor. Matt Forte surpassed 100 yards rushing. Jay Cutler posted a 138.1 passer rating. Brandon Marshall caught nine passes for 122 yards and three touchdowns.

Yet no one could stop talking about a Bears defense so feared that Hasselbeck admitted expecting the Titans not to worry about turnovers was "like telling someone not to leave a putt short on the green."

Tennessee's bad case of the yips started early and continued often.

"The big plays, the takeaways, I've never been around anything like this in high school or college at any level," Urlacher said. "Every week, it seems someone else is doing it."

Much to the delight of Urlacher's teammates, this week it was the emotional leader of Lovie Smith's best defense ever. Sometime after Corey Wootton scooped up Sherrick McManis' block of Brett Kern' punt to score a 5-yard touchdown, Urlacher told Tillman he wanted in on the end-zone action.

"I said, 'Hey, call it, man. The tongue has the power of life or death. Say it, speak it, believe it,' " Tillman said.

When Hasselbeck took the shotgun snap on first-and-10, Urlacher did it with instincts and experience - Urlacher's biggest asset at this stage. He noticed Lance Briggs had jumped the running back and floated in front of wide receiver Damian Williams.

"I was just reading his eyes trying to get underneath one of those guys running across the middle," Urlacher said.

Hasselbeck never saw Urlacher, who caught the pass and lumbered into the open field like so many Bears defenders had before him. He sidestepped Hasselbeck because NFL quarterbacks just aren't supposed to tackle 258-pound linebackers, received a nice block from Israel Idonije and ambled across the goal line.

"I made it," Urlacher kidded.

Was there any doubt?

"No," Julius Peppers said. "He does it in practice all the time."

Ho-hum. Urlacher's pick-six made the Bears the first team in NFL history with seven interception returns for touchdowns in the first eight games. Yet, to a man, the Bears acted more thrilled about Urlacher making progress than their defense making history. They realize what a productive Urlacher means to a season looking more special every Sunday.

"We have been waiting for Brian to really step up like that," Smith said.

Added safety Chris Conte: "It's been a long road. To see him come back and make a play like that, we're all proud of him."

Respect and affection for Urlacher run deep enough to wonder if his uncertain future helps motivate a team driven to win a Super Bowl ring for the aging face of the franchise. No, Urlacher's new mustache doesn't include flecks of gray. But nobody except Urlacher knows how healthy his knee really is, and a contract paying Urlacher $7.5 million expires in eight games.

The more Urlacher plays as he did in a blowout of Titanic proportions, the more likely No. 54 will be around for more days like Sunday.

"There are going to be times we can't do this," Urlacher said. "But we're going to keep trying every week."

For a football team thinking Super Bowl, it never gets old.

Source: http://www.miamiherald.com/2012/11/04/3082324/david-haugh-urlacher-joins-parade.html

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In Israel, media stars are turning to politics

JERUSALEM (AP) ? They spent their journalistic careers analyzing, covering and skewering Israel's politicians. Now, a striking number are vying to join their ranks.

Four prominent Israeli TV anchors and news pundits are leaving their jobs and running for parliament in Israel's upcoming elections, reflecting the rising star power of media personalities for an electorate that has long had a penchant for retired army generals.

The recent surge of journalists-turned-politicians reflects in part a desire for new blood in a political scene long dominated by the same faces. Frequent corruption cases against figures in power in recent years only increase the appeal of those coming from outside the ranks of Israel's career politicians. The media stars seen nightly on TV or read daily in newspapers have the advantage of being both new and familiar.

For the first time, two significant political parties are entering the fray with well-known TV news celebrities at the helm. Elections are scheduled for Jan. 22.

Popular prime-time TV man Yair Lapid quit his job this year as weekend newsmagazine anchor on Channel 2 TV and formed his own political party, Yesh Atid, or "There is a Future."

And the center-left Labor Party is headed by former TV and radio commentator Shelly Yachimovich, who joined the media-to-politics wave several years ago and was elected party leader late last year.

More journalists are following the path in this election. This week, another high-profile commentator, Ofer Shelah, announced he was joining Lapid's party, and two other media figures said they would run for parliament on the Labor Party list.

Surveys are predicting that Labor and Yesh Atid, both appealing to centrist, middle-class voters, will have strong showings in the vote, albeit behind the leading, right-wing ticket of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman. Under Israel's system of proportional representation, the number of votes a party receives determines how many seats it controls in the 120-member parliament.

The newcomers join 11 former media figures in the outgoing parliament in parties spanning the spectrum from the liberal Meretz and centrist Kadima parties to the ultranationalist Yisrael Beitenu and Netanyahu's ruling Likud.

Notably, the number of former journalists in the outgoing parliament is the same as the number of former top security officials, a sign of how the media is beginning to rival a traditional main wellspring of Israel's political elite. Facing frequent wars, Israelis historically have liked having former military chiefs lead the country, and that sentiment still largely remains. But media personalities are loosening the generals' grip on the political helm, in part because they're even more well-known.

"They are known in every home. People like them," said Israeli media expert Yoram Peri. "Recognition has become very important."

The ex-journalists say they've jumped ship for politics for the same reason they went into the media world: a desire to have an impact on society.

"My entire adult life I have been a social activist and feminist, along with my journalistic work...I worked to right wrongs," Haaretz commentator Merav Michaeli, who hopes to represent Labor, wrote on her Facebook page. "Now I want to do that in the political domain, where things are decided and budgets are divided."

"I want to have an impact," said Nachman Shai, former Army Radio chief editor and television executive who served as a lawmaker in the Kadima party. "You can only have an impact where decisions are made." With Kadima sinking in the polls, Shai recently moved to the Labor Party in hopes of being re-elected.

But some are concerned about skewed news coverage when a journalist is mulling a political plunge.

One lawmaker petitioned the Israel Press Council this week to draft regulations to ensure that working journalists disclose their deliberations about running for office. "The conduct we are witnessing at this time seems to cross red lines," said Likud politician Yariv Levin.

In a televised debate on the issue, blogger and journalist Tal Schneider said the phenomenon shamed the profession by compromising its ethical bedrock, impartiality. "If journalists say they want to go into politics, what does it say about the years they worked (in the field) and how they worked?" she said.

Senior Israeli commentator Dan Margalit accused his colleagues of hypocrisy.

"Day after day, journalists and tycoons have prattled on and on about how Israel's best citizens stay away from entering politics," Margalit wrote in Israel Hayom, a free daily loyal to Netanyahu. "Many of those same jabberers now want to join the politicians they demonized daily."

Media and politics have been closely connected since the days of Israel's founding fathers, notes media expert Peri, director of the Gildenhorn Institute for Israeli Studies at the University of Maryland.

Theodor Herzl, the founder of modern political Zionism, came to champion the quest for a Jewish homeland after covering for a Viennese newspaper the 19th-century trial of French Jewish officer Alfred Dreyfus, sentenced for treason in a trial Herzl saw as anti-Semitic. Herzl's successor as head of the World Zionist Organization, Nahum Sokolov, was a journalist. Two of Israel's first political party leaders were newspapermen.

But for years, Israeli politics was heavily driven by parties, not the personalities who led them. Voters voted for parties with clear ideologies and long-time members. That changed in the 1990s: political parties weakened as voters began to favor individual candidates, many of whom had no political experience.

The phenomenon dovetailed with the introduction of commercial television in Israel in 1993, after a single state-run channel monopolized coverage for nearly three decades, Peri said. More programming on television meant more TV celebrities, and those celebrities began to be considered as attractive candidates for office.

Gadi Wolfsfeld, a professor of political communication at the Interdisciplinary Center in Herzliya, said Israeli journalists may have spent their careers covering politics, but it doesn't prepare them any better than a general or lawyer who enters politics.

"The best training for a politician is being a politician," Wolfsfeld said.

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Follow Daniel Estrin at www.twitter.com/danielestrin

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/israel-media-stars-turning-politics-175342961.html

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Be a Memorable Job Seeker? for the RIGHT Reasons | The Savvy ...

This past summer, a 20-year-old looking for work garnered Nicolas Cage more press attention than he received at the releases of ?Season of the Witch,? ?Kick-Ass,? and ?Ghost Rider? combined when she sent a photo of the actor in lieu of her resume to a potential employer.

York University student Vanessa Hodja posted a screenshot of the email and crazy-eyed picture of Cage to her Tumblr page writing, ?I ACCIDENTALLY SENT MY POTENTIAL FUTURE BOSS A PICTURE OF NIC CAGE RATHER THAN MY COVER LETTER + RESUME.?

Hodja gained instant online fame when the blunder went viral. Unsurprisingly, she wasn?t offered the no experience needed administrative assistant position she desired.

Hodja?s Nicolas Cage photo attachment may have been a mistake, but there are plenty of professionals looking for work whose attempts to get creative with their job applications made them stand out for all the wrong reasons. When it comes to getting crafty with job hunting, be memorable for the right reasons. Here?s how:

Think Outside of the Resume

Creative cover letters and resumes are the job applications of the future. They?re a great way for professionals looking for work to be creative and stand out from other applicants, and employers enjoy the innovative initiative. Video and infographic applications feature job seekers? personalities and special skills without making them seem like Nicolas-Cage-loving oddballs.

Highlight A Social Profile

CNN?s Doug Gross recently published a story asking, ?Are social media making the resume obsolete?? The article examined the growing trend of the social media job search?employers placing more emphasis on web presence and social profiles than the traditional resume. If you truly want to stand out in the application process, expand your resume to include a social media profile like Twitter or Pinterest that highlights your personality without discrediting your professional abilities.

Give Your Resume A Makeover

If new age job applications simply aren?t for you, consider giving your paper resume a fresh new look. Adobe InDesign is a great tool for spicing up a plain resume. Job seekers unfamiliar with design software can create simple designs in Microsoft Word or have their resumes printed on pre-designed templates. JobMob posted a nice collection of resume designs to get job seekers inspired.

Sometimes the simplest way to stand out in the application process is to precisely follow protocol. Most job seekers don?t mistake a poorly labeled picture of Nicolas Cage as their resume, but many do forget to properly follow-up after interviews, hurting their chance of receiving a job offer. A recent survey of more than 500 HR managers at companies with 20 or more employees revealed that 91 percent found it helpful for a promising job candidate to send a thank you note following an interview. When it comes to applying and interviewing for jobs, saying thanks is one of the simplest and best ways to stand out.

If you ever find yourself in a position where you made a horrible application mistake like Vanessa Hodja?s Nicolas Cage photo blunder, follow Jena McGregor?s advice on The Washington Post and don?t broadcast your mistake for the whole world to see.

Do you consider yourself to be a memorable job applicant? How do you stand out for the right reasons?

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For this post, YouTern thanks our friends at Jackalope Jobs!

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About the Author:??Sudy Bharadwaj is a co-founder and the CEO of?Jackalope Jobs, a job seeker focused platform, making the job search social, fast and easy. Learn how Sudy and Jackalope Jobs obsess over job seekers by connecting with them on?Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter.

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Oakland Tailgater Profile: 'Kingsford Kirk' Bronsord ? CBS Sacramento

?Kingsford Kirk? Bronsord (Credit, Kirk Bronsord)

If the Raider Nation had a tailgating ambassador, ?Kingsford Kirk? Bronsord could?very well fill the role.

Bronsord, head of the Bad Boyz of BBQ tailgating crew, has been a fixture at Oakland Raiders games ? a fixture not unlike the field itself ? since the football team returned to the Bay Area in 1995. At every home game, the Newark truck driver hangs out among roughly 120 to 200 ?extreme? tailgaters outside O.co Coliseum. Bonsord leads a team who cooks up some fine football fare including barbecued oysters, grilled salmon, soy ginger chicken, marinated tri-tip, spicy Thai rib tips, barbecued beans and arroz con pollo.

?The food is very upscale compared to most tailgates,? Bronsord said.

Indeed. After all, how many tailgating feasts have garnered national acclaim? The Bad Boyz of BBQ won a Food Network ?Tailgate Warriors? smackdown in 2010 against a tailgating team representing the San Francisco 49ers. Bay Area resident and Food Network personality Guy Fieri presided over the competition, which was held on the Raiders? home turf.

Aside from Fieri, other notable folks who?ve dropped by the Bad Boyz of BBQ?s get-togethers include former Raiders players, die-hard fans from the Coliseum?s rowdy ?Black Hole? section and tailgaters from other states and countries (such as Australia, Canada, England and Scotland).

Bronsord said the 8,500 or so spaces in the Coliseum parking lot become one gigantic tailgating bash on game day. ?The ?sheer volume? of Raiders tailgating sets the Coliseum apart from other NFL stadiums,? he said.??Raiders fans are very friendly, despite our reputation. You can walk around the lot and people will ask you to join them, or if you would like some food or drink.?

For every home game, Bronsord and his posse arrive at the Coliseum with two trailers ? one packed with tailgating goods and gear and the other with a portable living room equipped with five exterior TVs. The Bad Boyz of BBQ spend about six hours tailgating and about 12 hours prepping and cleaning up.??It?s not just a football game ? it?s an event,? Bronsord said.?What?s his favorite part of the event???The people we meet and the smiles we put on their faces ? and, of course, the food,? Bronsord said.

Bronsord must have had a huge smile on his goateed face back in August 2009, when he was inducted into the Pro Football?s Ultimate Fan Association, an elite group comprised of NFL enthusiasts. Bronsord attended the induction ceremony with son Marcus.

?It?s hard to explain what we have created with our tailgate and its extended family. To see the joy and happiness that we bring to everyone is worth all the work involved with putting on such a tailgate,? Bronsord said.

Check out Tailgate Fan to keep the party going at?tailgatefan.cbslocal.com.

John Egan is a freelance writer covering all things San Francisco. His work can be found on Examiner.com.

Source: http://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2012/11/04/oakland-tailgater-profile-kingsford-kirk-bronsord/

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Jobs report may help Obama in tight election race

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - An encouraging October jobs report may give President Barack Obama an 11th-hour campaign boost, but perhaps more importantly it denies Republican challenger Mitt Romney an opportunity to put an exclamation point on his argument that Obama has failed to turn around the economy.

U.S. employers added 171,000 people to their payrolls last month, significantly higher than the 125,000 figure analysts had expected.

The jobless rate edged up a tenth of a point to 7.9 percent, due to workers surging back into the labor force.

Friday's Labor Department report was more modest than last month's stunning figure that pushed the unemployment rate down to 7.8 percent from 8.1 percent, the lowest since 2009.

That fall was such a boost to Obama ahead of the November 6 election that it spawned some quickly discredited conspiracy theories, including from former General Electric chairman Jack Welch, that the White House had somehow manipulated the job figures for political gain.

This time around, the figure was neither so good nor all that bad, giving Republicans little to work with, although they did stick with the message that this is not what a real recovery looks like.

Romney called the uptick in the unemployment rate a "sad reminder" that the economy continues to struggle, and said that, as president, he would "make real changes that lead to a real recovery."

The White House said data showing hiring increased in October proved that the economy was on the mend, and stressed the need to re-elect Obama next Tuesday.

Analysts said the report would likely help Obama.

"The October report... confirmed a narrative that the economy is expanding moderately," Greg Valliere, chief political strategist at Potomac Research Group, said in a note to clients.

"The Obama camp can't celebrate, because the unemployment rate ticked up to 7.9 percent - but it's difficult to see how the Romney camp can make hay with a report that shows a 171,000 rise in nonfarm payrolls," Valliere said.

PUTTING THE ECONOMY BACK IN THE NEWS

Romney's odds of victory fell - and Obama's odds for re-election rose - on the Intrade prediction market after the jobs report. In early Friday action, traders saw a 32.5 percent chance of Romney winning on Tuesday, down 4.4 percent from Thursday's close.

They put the chances of an Obama victory at 67.6 percent, up 1.5 percent from Thursday.

"This jobs report couldn't have come at a better time for the president," said Jim Kessler, senior vice president for policy at Third Way, a centrist Democratic think tank.

"It continues a streak of mostly good economic news on jobs, housing, retail, and consumer confidence. Public opinion polls have shown an uptick in voter optimism about the economy. This report validates that optimism."

If one candidate had a solid lead, a middling unemployment report might not make a difference this late in the campaign.

But this year, with opinion polls showing a deadlocked race and about 7 percent of voters still undecided, it could tilt the race even if only a fairly small number of people are paying attention.

"This is such a tight race. Everything matters," Republican strategist Ford O'Connell said. "Anything that pushes one or two people out there, that benefits either candidate."

O'Connell said the report would help Romney. It makes the economy a focus of news reports, helping the former private equity executive make his case that he is better equipped than Obama to fix the economy and work with both parties in the U.S. Congress on issues like lowering the budget deficit.

"Americans aren't going to feel better or worse about the economy, but it should help him bolster his closing argument, the idea that it allows him to say 'I have a five-point plan to help America recover faster,'" O'Connell said.

(Editing by Karey Wutkowski and Frances Kerry)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/u-jobs-report-may-help-obama-tight-election-155806703--business.html

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After Sandy: A Scientist's Perspective on Weather ? News Watch

By Sasha Ingber

We?ll be interviewing various experts about the impact of Hurricane Sandy and what lies ahead. For the big picture about hurricanes, we spoke to Jim Kossin, atmospheric research scientist in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration?s National Climatic Data Center.

Could Hurricane Sandy be the result of climate change?

It?s not fair to say it?s associated with climate change. It?s very difficult to attribute an event like Hurricane Sandy to a change in climate because it?s challenging to connect the immediateness of a single event to the time scales that we talk about for climate change. But conveying this to the public is really hard.

Are more hurricanes likely?

The number of very strong land-falling hurricanes has decreased over the last number of years in places like Australia. But they have become more common in the Atlantic?there is no question about it. Researchers seem to agree that there will be an overall reduction in the global number of hurricanes, but the strong ones will get even stronger.

Why is the Atlantic region seeing a rise in hurricanes?

One thing we know is that the climate of the Atlantic has changed since the mid-1980s, becoming warmer and more conducive to hurricanes. Where disagreement lies is what causes it. Some think it has nothing to do with climate change, and a growing body of evidence suggests that it has to do with aerosol pollution?basically small particles of a sulfate, a salt of sulfuric acid. There is this idea that after the Clean Air Act of 1970, pollution decreased and then the sun hit and warmed the water. If that were the case, by decreasing pollution, we would have increased hurricane activity?but that?s a tricky thing to say publicly.

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Source: http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2012/11/02/after-sandy-a-scientists-perspective-on-weather/

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